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To determine which statistical test to use, you need to know: You can perform statistical tests on data that have been collected in a statistically valid manner – either through an experiment, or through observations made using probability sampling methods.įor a statistical test to be valid, your sample size needs to be large enough to approximate the true distribution of the population being studied.

If the value of the test statistic is less extreme than the one calculated from the null hypothesis, then you can infer no statistically significant relationship between the predictor and outcome variables. If the value of the test statistic is more extreme than the statistic calculated from the null hypothesis, then you can infer a statistically significant relationship between the predictor and outcome variables. The p-value estimates how likely it is that you would see the difference described by the test statistic if the null hypothesis of no relationship were true. It then calculates a p-value (probability value). Statistical tests work by calculating a test statistic– a number that describes how much the relationship between variables in your test differs from the null hypothesis of no relationship. Frequently asked questions about statistical tests.